Effect of fertilisation, development stage, mechanical impact and heating during processing on subsurface hardening in pre-peeled potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.)

Summary Studies of the effect of fertilisation stress, harvest time, machine sorting, storage time, peeling and blanching of potatoes (Solarium tuberosum L.) were carried out. Mechanical impact by sorting before storage did not have a significant effect on hardness of pre-peeled potatoes. Potato hardness decreased significantly with the storage time for raw potatoes following an exponential function. Treatment of potatoes in a damage drum for 5 minutes (36 drops from 35 cm) increased the subsurface hardening, production of brick-like cells and deposition of suberin. Potato hardness throughout the whole potatoes increased with blanching time by blanching at 85 and 95 °C. It was concluded that development of potato hardiness occur because of two mechanisms. That is: 1) wound healing by periderm formation with deposition of suberin and: 2) activation of methyl esterase activity by blanching and subsequent crosslinking of demethoxylated pectin by calcium ions, respectively.     

橡胶树乳管切割后的堵塞研究

用光学和电子显微镜技术研究了巴西橡胶树幼茎切割后乳管的堵塞。发现在切割后乳管伤口有一个由蛋白质物质组成的网，它与絮凝的橡胶粒子将乳管伤口堵塞。组成这个网的蛋白质物质主要来自黄色体的内含物，特别是微纤维。讨论了这种蛋白质网在乳管切割后堵塞中的作用。     

巴西橡胶树割胶树皮伤口的组织学和组织化学的变化

用光学显微镜技术和组织化学方法研究了巴西橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis Muell．Arg．）割胶树皮伤口的变化，并测定了乳管中重要的防卫蛋白质几丁质酶在树皮伤口的积累和消失。结果表明，割胶诱导割口树皮组织产生伤害反应使割口得到保护。割口树皮依次出现3种防卫机制：（1）乳管预先形成的物理和化学防卫物质（橡胶粒子和包括几丁质酶在内的防卫蛋白质）在树皮伤口表面和乳管伤口末端的积累；（2）伤口周围的组织形成的化学防卫物质单宁、木质素和木栓质等；（3）在较长时间停止割胶（如冬季停割）时形成防卫结构创伤周皮。前两种防卫机制的作用是暂时的，只有最后创伤周形成时，树皮伤口才能得到充分有效的保护。     

Correlation Between Peritonitis and Incisional Infections in Horses

Surgical site infection of abdominal incisions is an important complication after laparotomy with increased risk of incisional hernia formation in horses. This study aims to evaluate the healing process of abdominal incisions and correlate peritonitis with the occurrence of surgical site infection and incisional hernias. Nine horses underwent standardized laparotomy, intestinal exploration, and induced septic peritonitis. Standardized relaparotomy was performed two (n = 3), four (n = 3), and six (n = 3) months later to evaluate the abdominal cavity for adhesions and to collect the sutured ventral abdominal wall to evaluate and prepare it for histopathological and tensile strength study. All horses presented with endotoxemia, controllable peritonitis, heat and touch-sensitive ventral abdominal edema and surgical wound infection with presence of purulent discharge. Adhesion of the cecum or colon to the internal portion of the surgical wound was observed. Healing of the infected surgical wounds occurred by second intention and a space between the rectus abdominis muscles developed because of the presence of a scar, which was related to incisional hernia. In the histopathological evaluation, the collagen content increased, and the inflammation decreased over time. The tensile strength increased over time and was highest after 6 months. After the second surgical intervention, there was no infection of the surgical wound in any of the animals and healing by first intention occurred. Surgical site infection may be a symptom of peritonitis in horses recovering from abdominal surgery. Infected surgical wounds heal by second intention, which favors the spacing of rectus abdominis muscle and the formation of incisional hernia.     

蒜瓣伤害刺激对大蒜休眠生理的影响

对“改良蒜”和“苍山蒜”蒜瓣进行不同方位和程度的刀伤刺激，然后定期测定其芽瓣比和生理指标。结果表明：背部伤害和腹部伤害都加快了芽瓣比的增加进程，同期测定最大值是对照的１．５倍，效果是腹伤大于背伤；ＰＯＤ活性由于伤害而在前期出现一个峰值，最高是对照的２．７倍，不同方位的影响差异不明显，程度上是重伤大于轻伤；ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性在测定过程中不断下降，处理的下降速度大于对照，方位和程度的影响不规律；蒜瓣内还原糖和单宁含量及ＰＯＤ活性有相似的变化趋势，峰值分别为对照的３．４倍和３倍；两品种表现基本相同。     

气象因子对杜仲剥皮再生的影响

根据杜仲生物学特性和生态气候特征，对气象因子影响杜仲剥皮再生进行５年多的研究和探索，得出杜仲环剥与生态气候因子关系密切，尤以降雨量、日照等因子为主导因子，具备适宜的主导气象因子的最佳时期，为５月上、中旬前后。这段时期环剥树剥面愈合率高，达８５％以上；植株成活率可达１００％；再生新皮年生长厚度可达１．５ｍｍ以上     

番茄受伤信号传导及诱导抗性的研究进展

番茄植株机械受伤后激活了受伤愈合和防御的各种机制,引发了受伤信号的产生、运转、感知接受和转导等以激活受伤诱导基因的表达。茉莉酸(Jasmonicacid,JA)在番茄对机械受伤反应中起中心作用,其他化合物,包括系统素、寡糖和寡聚半乳糖醛酸等也在受伤信号中起重要作用。番茄植株受伤诱导的蛋白酶抑制剂为研究诱导抗性提供了一个有用的模型体系,说明调控系统防御反应信号传导的各种途径,提出了细胞间受伤诱导蛋白酶抑制剂PIs表达的是多肽系统素(polypeptidesystemin)和植物激素茉莉酸。越来越多的证据指明:系统素和JA在同一信号途径中协同作用激活了PIs和其他防御相关基因的表达。